Earnest Miller Hemingway was borin in Oak Park Illinois.
              After graduating from high school, he got a job at a paper
              called "Kansas City Star". Hemingway continually tried to enter
              the military, but his defective eye, hindered this task.

              Hemingway had managed to get a job driving an American Red Cross
              ambulance. During this expedition, he was injured and
              hospitalized.

              Hemingway had an affinity for a particular nurse at
              that hospital, her name was Agnes von Kurowsky. Hemingway
              continually proposed to her, and she continually denied.

              When Hemingway healed his injuries, he moved back to Michigan,
              and had wanted to write again. Hemingway married Hadley
              Richardson and was working in France, as a foreign corespondent,
              for the "Toronto Star". In 1925, he wrote a book called "In Our
              Time", which was marketed in New York. The next year he published
              a book called "The Sun Also Rises", a novel where he had his
              first success. The book deals with a group of desultory
              people in exile from France and Spain-members of the "lost
              generation", a phrase made famous by Hemingway himself.

              In post-war years, Hemingway spent most of his time writing
              books. But, when his first marriage failed, and produced a son,
              John, he had married Pauline Pfeiffer, who had his next 2
              children. Based in Paris, he had travelled for skiing,
              bullfighting, fishing, or hunting that by then had become what
              most of his work was all about.

              Hemingway, started writing short stories, among them was "Men
              Without Women" in 1927, and "A Farewell to Arms" in 1929.
              This story ("A Farewell to Arms"), shows a lovestory within a war
              time setting. Many people believe that Hemingway, did his writing
              at this period of his life. He once confessed "If I had not been
              hunting and fishing, I would have probably been writing."

              (Hemingway 283 (3)). Hemingway's stories were based on adventure,
              and different aspects of it. His love of spain, and his love of
              bullfighting, led him to write a book called "Death in the
              Afternoon". During the 1930's, Spain was in a civil war, still
              having ties in Spain, Hemingway made 4 trips their. He raised
              money, for a party called the "Loyalists". He wrote a book about
              it called "The Fifth Column". In this book, the narrator is the
              protagonist. From more experience in spain, he wrote a book
              called "Whom the Bell Tolls" in 1940. This book was the most
              successful writing, based on sales of the book.

              All of Hemingway's life, has been fascinated by wars. For
              example, in "A Farewell to Arms", he focussed on how war had no
              meaning, and was futile. Following the war in Europe, Hemingway
              returned to his home in Cuba, and his fourth marriage was with
              Mary Welsh-a correspondent whom he had met in London and whom he
              would be married to for the last time. In 1953, Hemingway
              recieved a Pulitzer prize for his book "The Old Man and the Sea".

             As one critic put it "Hemingway was a cheerful, irascible, by
              turns generous, and selfish, expansive and egocentric. Hemingway
              was hedonistic and dedicated, in love with life and yet by his
              own admission obsessed with death." (Hemingway 221 (2)).

              By 1960, Hemingway was driven out of Cuba (Because of Castro),
              and moved to Finca, and then he moved to a house in Ketchum,
              Idaho. Hemingway was suffering from severe depression, and
              anxiety attacks. He had gone to the mayo clinic in
              Massachusettes, to recieve electro-shock therapy, but
              it didn't work out for him at all. Later that same year,
              Hemingway ended his life, with a shot gun.
 

Ke Ensaiklopedia Sastera